Sustainability challenges are often defined and described by the natural sciences, and only later recognised as important for society and the social sciences. In contrast, the strength and innovation of an integrated approach is its ability to draw simultaneously on expertise from the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities to rethink, reconceptualise and reframe those challenges. As MM-102 molecular weight an example, we discuss distributional aspects of land, water and biodiversity in terms of access, allocation and agency along the three dimensions of international, intergenerational and intersectional

justice. To that end, we borrow from existing theories and perspectives and, thus, expand concepts and analytical frames from classical disciplines into the domain of sustainability. All along, the dual www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-680(MK-0457).html critical and problem-solving research strategy is a frame that stimulates the generation of new theory and approaches for investigating complex issues. Three core themes Theme one: scientific understandings of social–ecological systems Sustainability challenges, be it climate change or biodiversity loss, are normally defined and framed in natural scientific terms. Whereas the cognitive products of the natural sciences often shape how environmental problems are understood

and acted upon in society, we know from years of social constructivist scholarship that science is far from autonomous from society, culture or the political. Rather, knowledge and beliefs about the natural world are embedded in the social world (Nowotny SB431542 mouse et al. 2001; Jasanoff and Martello 2004; Latour 2004). Building upon this insight, the first core theme involves four research efforts where connections between natural and social systems are understood and conceptualised. We, thus, show MRIP how research can critically scrutinise existing conceptual models and, on the

basis of integrated research efforts, suggest improved understandings for sustainability science. The research efforts discussed below represent different levels of theoretical ambition. Two grand theories, earth system science and world system dynamics of unequal exchange, aim to describe and explain global processes. Earth system analysis deals with the natural world from a natural scientific perspective (Schellnhuber 1999), whereas world system theory originally dealt with the world system from a sociological perspective (Wallerstein 1974) but more recently also from a ‘green’ political ecology perspective (Hornborg 1998; Wallerstein 2007), indicating that the two schools of thought can benefit from constructive dialogues. The two middle-range theories, resilience (Berkes et al. 2003) and material flow analysis, operate within more specifically defined scales, levels and systems. Resilience theory aims at understanding the dynamics of well-defined coupled social–ecological systems, such as a fishery, a wetland or a forest.

FauI (data not shown), which limited CH5183284 concentration the interpretation of the model. Thus, the multinomial logistic regression was run again with 8 independent variables, although the other two MTases were significant to the full model (p < 0.05). The multinomial logistic regression model revealed the absence of expression of M. MspI and M. HpyCH4III in the European group with OR = 4.51, and OR = 4.34, respectively. This strongly suggests that the expression of both MTases

were more likely to be present in the African group than in the European group (Additional file 2: Table S7). LY2835219 price Regarding the American and African groups, the expression of M. Hpy188I and M. Hpy99I was more likely to occur in the American group than in the African reference group, with OR = 0.17 and OR = 0.16, respectively. Concerning the Asian group, M. HpyCH4III was more frequent in the African group than in the Asian one, with OR = 16.98. M. BstUI was more likely to be present in the Asian group, with OR = 0.07. When the reference category corresponded to European isolates, the comparison with the African group yielded similar findings to the ones described previously, but allowed for the comparison between Europe and America, and Europe and Asia. Resistance to restriction by Hpy188I, Hpy99I and HpyCH4III was more likely to be observed in the American group than in the reference group, with OR values of 0.37, 0.35, and 0.19,

respectively. The reference category and the Asian group assessment revealed an OR = Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) 0.12

Ruxolitinib molecular weight for M. BstUI, and an OR = 0.07 for M. DraI, which indicated that both MTases were more common among Asian strains (Additional file 2: Table S8). A summary of the MTase geographic pattern determined by all statistical tests can be found in Table 2. Table 2 List of MTases with statistically significant association with geographic area of strain isolation. MTase Expression* Absence of expression* M. AseI Europe OR = 2.33; 95%CI (1.00-5.46) a) Africa P-value = 0.03083 Std. Residual 2.13e) OR = 0.27; 95%CI (0.10-0.75) b) M. BstUI Asia P-value = 0.00639 Std. Residual 2.81e) OR = 1/0.12 = 8.33; 95%CI (1.37-50.00) c) OR = 1/0.07 = 14.29; 95%CI (2.13-100.00) d) Africa OR = 0.07; 95%CI (0.01-0.47) d) Europe OR = 0.12; 95%CI (0.02-0.73) c) M. DraI Asia P-value < 0.00001 Std. Residual 5.36e) OR = 1/0.07 = 14.29; 95%CI (2.63-100.00) c) Africa Europe OR = 0.07; 95%CI (0.01-0.38) c) M. FauI Asia P-value = 0.00403 Std. Residual -2.04e)   M. FokI America P-value = 0.00058 Std. Residual 2.77e) Asia P-value = 0.00058 Std. Residual 2.50e) Africa Europe OR = 0.12; 95%CI (0.02-0.70) a) M. Hpy188I America P-value = 0.00177Std. Residual 2.05e) OR = 1/0.17 = 5.88; 95%CI (1.89-20.00) d) OR = 1/0.37 = 2.70; 95%CI (1.09-6.67) c) Asia Africa OR = 0.35; 95%CI (0.14-0.87) b) OR = 0.17; 95%CI (0.05-0.53) d) Europe OR = 0.37; 95%CI (0.15-0.92) c) M.

0% and 16.2%, respectively). Therefore, the reflectance is obviously reduced by the nanoflake In2S3 and decreased as the GNS-1480 datasheet thickness of In2S3 film increases. It could be attributed to the decreasing reflectance for In2S3 film

at short wavelengths because the nanotexturization was on the surface [21]. Figure 5 Reflectance spectra of the planar p-Si, textured p-Si, and the In 2 S 3 film with various thicknesses on textured p-Si substrate. Figure 6a displays the schematic structure of the heterojunction solar cell in which the nanotextured In2S3/p-Si was the photoactive layer of such a device. Photovoltaic performance of the AZO/In2S3/p-Si heterojunction solar cell with various In2S3 thicknesses is given in Table 1. All samples for the electrical measurement were performed with Selleckchem PKC412 AZO film of about 400 nm. Characterization of the AZO/In2S3 film deposited on the textured p-Si substrate was studied for the first time. Figure 6b shows a SEM image of an inclined angle of the AZO/In2S3/p-Si heterojunction structure. The AZO deposited on the In2S3 (100 nm)/p-Si substrate exhibits a well coverage and turns into a cylinder-like structure with a hemispherical top as shown in the inset of Figure 6b. The deposition thickness of the AZO was estimated to be 400 nm. Jiang et al. [22] revealed that they had fabricated the SnS/α-Si heterojunction photovoltaic devices, which the junction exhibited a typical rectified

diode behavior, and the short-circuit Avelestat (AZD9668) Nutlin-3a in vivo current density was 1.55 mA/cm2. Hence, the AZO/In2S3/p-Si structure in the study was suitable for solar cell application. Figure 6 Structure, SEM image, J – V characteristics, and J sc and FF of the heterojunction solar cells. (a) Schematic structure of In2S3/textured p-Si heterojunction solar cell, (b) SEM image of AZO/In2S3/textured p-Si, (c) J-V characteristics, and (d) the Jsc and fill factor (F.F.) of the In2S3/p-Si heterojunction solar cell with various thicknesses of In2S3. Table 1 Photovoltaic performance of the AZO/In 2 S 3 /p-Si heterojunction solar cell with various thicknesses of In 2 S 3 Device V oc J sc(mA/cm2) F.F. (%)

Efficiency (%) Non-In2S3 0.20 10.68 21.95 0.47 In2S3 (50 nm) 0.28 21.18 30.55 1.81 In2S3 (100 nm) 0.32 23.43 31.82 2.39 In2S3 (200 nm) 0.24 16.37 32.14 1.26 In2S3 (300 nm) 0.24 16.08 28.10 1.08 The photovoltaic condition is AM 1.5 G at 100-mW/cm2 illumination. The current–voltage (J-V) characteristics of the fabricated photovoltaic devices were measured under an illumination intensity of 100 mW/cm2, as shown in Figure 6c. Such result shows that the short-circuit currents (Jsc) were increased while the In2S3 films were deposited onto the p-Si. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices can be obviously improved from 0.47% to 2.39% by employing a 100-nm-thick In2S3 film. It was also found that the highest open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density are 0.32 V and 23.4 mA/cm2, respectively.

See Additional file 2 (= Table S1) for a detailed list. a) babA locus corresponds to HP0896; babB locus, HP1243; babC locus, HP0317. b) sabA locus corresponds MK5108 to jhp0662; sabB locus, jhp0659. c) Paralog of vacA (HP0289), but not vacA itself (HP0887). Another paralog vacA-4 (HP0922) is in Table 6. d) HP1382. e)/, different loci. f) One of 12

molybdenum-related genes was truncated. g) hopQ gene. Two hopQ copies exist, one at sabB locus and the other, as in other strains, at the hopQ locus. h) From the description of the reference [139], the sequence might not represent a complete genome, although it is deposited as a complete circular genome in GenBank. Hence, care should be taken in interpreting the results. Relevant information about each family from draft sequence of the Japanese strain 98-10 (NZ_ABSX01000001.1- NZ_ABSX01000051.1) [143] are as follows: oipA/oipA-2, with at least one copy, although the exact copy number cannot be determined because of a short contig encoded only the oipA gene but not the flanking region; hopM locus, +? (partial sequence at an end of

the contig); hopN locus, not applicable because it was at an end of contigs (hopN fragment is deposited but the sequence was partial at both ends of the contig, preventing locus assignment); babA/babB/babC, A?/?/? (babA at babA locus but partial at an end of the contig; babB and babC loci, not applicable because they were at ends of contigs; babB sequence was partial at both ends of the contig, preventing locus assignment); sabA/sabB, +/-; vacA-2, x; selleck chemicals nucG split as in the other hspEAsia strains; Molybdenum-related

function, x. The notable exception was oipA, for which a secondary locus was found in hspEAsia (6/6 strains) and hspAmerind (5/5), but not in hpEurope (0/7) or hspWAfrica (0/2). This increase of the secondary locus can be explained by a novel DNA duplication mechanism associated with inversion [25]. The two hopMN loci in hpEurope (7/7 strains) and hspWAfrica (1/2) were reduced to one locus in the hspEAsia (6/6) and hspAmerind (5/5). This loss was likely caused by the same duplication mechanism [25]. For the babABC family, the babC locus [26] was empty in all the hpEastAsia Selleck BTSA1 strains (6/6 hspEAsia and 5/5 hspAmerind) as well as from all the hspWAfrica strains (2/2) and two hpEurope strains PAK6 (B38 and B8). This is in contrast to the presence of three loci in the other (5/7) European strains (Table 2). The strain J99 carried a sabA gene (jhp0662) at the sabA locus and a sabB gene (jhp0659) at the sabB locus [27]. All the hpEurope strains but the strain B38 (6/7) and this hspWAfrica strain (J99) had these two loci, whereas all the hpEastAsia strains but the strains 52 and PeCan4 (5/6 hspEAsia and 4/5 hspAmerind) lacked sabB locus (Table 2). These hpEastAsia strains all carried a sabA gene at the sabA locus. Genes of hpEurope differed among strains.

Once activated, Ras activates various signal transduction proteins in different signal pathways of the downstream. Mitogen-activate-protein kinases (MAPKs) system is an important pathway among them. MAPK plays an important role in cell growth,

proliferation, differentiation. Meanwhile, it is involved in cellular stress reaction. In this study, we found the expressive levels of miR-433 and miR-9 was significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and SGC7901. MiRNAs also can silence gene. selleck screening library The down-regulation of miR-433 and miR-9 attenuated the gene silencing, which activated GRB2 and RAB34. In summary, we found miRNAs expressions profiling in human gastric carcinoma, and focused on the screen and identification https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD1152-HQPA.html of targets of the abnormally expressive miRNAs. Our results showed miR-433 and miR-9 was significantly down-regulated and might be used as a marker for the advanced gastric carcinoma. In addition, we also found miR-433 and miR-9 targeted GRB2 and RAB34, which was favorable for

explaining carcinogenesis pathway mediated by miRNAs and screening the therapeutic targets. Some researchers have found that successive short RNAs injection could affect liver effectively in vivo [24, 25], which established a good model for the development of miRNA-based approach of gene therapy. Our results show the differentially expressive miRNAs in gastric carcinoma, which will provide related data for molecular targeted therapy based on miRNAs. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the grant from Chongqing City Borad of Education (No. KJ060302). We thank the support of the first and second affiliated hospitals of Chongqing Medical University. References 1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P: Global cancer statistics 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005, 74–108. 2. Tamura G: Everolimus Alterations of tumor suppressor and tumor-related genes in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Palbociclib manufacturer World J Gastroenterol 2006, 12: 192–198.PubMed 3. Lagos-Quintana M,

Rauhut R, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T: Identification of novel genes coding for small expressed RNAs. Science 2001, 294: 853–858.CrossRefPubMed 4. Lau NC, Lim LP, Weinstein EG, Bartel DP: An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 2001, 294: 858–862.CrossRefPubMed 5. Lee RC, Ambros V: An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 2001, 294: 862–874.CrossRefPubMed 6. Bartel DP: MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 2004, 116: 281–297.CrossRefPubMed 7. Xiao B, Guo J, Miao Y, Jiang Z, Huan R, Zhang Y, Li D, Zhong J: Detection of miR-106a in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance. Clin Chim Acta 2009, 400 (1–2) : 97–102.CrossRefPubMed 8. Ji Q, Hao X, Meng Y, Zhang M, Desano J, Fan D, Xu L: Restoration of tumor suppressor miR-34 inhibits human p53-mutant gastric cancer tumorspheres. BMC Cancer 2008, 8: 266.CrossRefPubMed 9.

Solid State Ion 2003, 165:139.CrossRef 10. Guillén C, Herrero J: Transparent conductive

ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer electrodes deposited by sputtering at room temperature. Opt Commun 2009, 282:574.CrossRef 11. Sun X, Huang H, Kwok H: On the initial growth of indium tin oxide on glass. Appl Phys Lett 1996, 68:2663.CrossRef 12. Kim DH, Park MR, Lee HJ, Lee GH: Thickness dependence of electrical properties of ITO film deposited on a plastic substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. Appl Surf Sci 2006, 253:409.CrossRef 13. Jeong JA, KiKim H: Low resistance and highly transparent ITO–Ag–ITO multilayer electrode using surface plasmon resonance of Ag layer for bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. J Sol Energ Mat Sol C 1801, 2009:93. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions ZQS and QPX prepared the films and tested the surface topography. X-ray MLN2238 cell line diffraction was investigated by XPS and MCZ. The optical properties were measured by GH. The calculations were

carried out by ZQS who also wrote the manuscript. Besides, MCZ helped draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background The use of nanosized colloids offers exciting new opportunities for biomedical PLX4032 mouse applications as they have the potential to overcome significant limitations associated with therapeutic drugs (e.g., physical, chemical, or biochemical instability). In addition, encapsulation of pharmacologically active agents into such nanocarriers allows for spatial and temporal control of drug release, which can Selleckchem AZD1390 significantly improve clinical effects (e.g., controlled and targeted delivery) [1, 2]. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (SPIONs) are explored as novel drug delivery systems as their orientation within a magnetic field offers new opportunities Thymidylate synthase to manipulate accumulation and/or drug release in desired target tissues by an externally applied magnetic field

[3]. Similar to other biomedical applications of SPIONs, including magnetic resonance imaging, biosensing, and cell separation, clinical development critically depends on efficient magnetization and favorable pharmacokinetic properties that minimize clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. It is generally accepted that nanoparticles with hydrophilic surfaces and those less than 200 nm in diameter are compliant with these desired specifications [4, 5]. The large surface-to-volume ratio of small magnetic nanoparticles increases surface energy and, thus, enhancing particle aggregation. As a consequence, chemical reactivity decreases, magnetic properties deteriorate, and clearance within a biological system increases [6–9]. Particle stability in an aqueous vehicle can be augmented by electrostatic repulsion using charged surface coatings and/or surface-associated ions, including OH-, H3O+, or buffer ions [10].

The supernatants were collected and subjected to Western blotting with anti-WNV E protein monoclonal antibody. Discussion WNV NY strains have a highly virulent phenotype compared to the Eg strain which was isolated in Africa. Their enhanced replication DAPT in vitro in peripheral tissues may lead to long-lasting viremia resulting in increasing incidence of viral invasion

to CNS. The interaction of the virus with endothelial cells of blood capillaries could be involved in WNV invasion to target organs. In this study, we assessed the transport of WNV NY99 6-LP strain and Eg strain across human endothelial cells. Our data demonstrate that VLPs of the 6-LP strain were transported across human endothelial cells more than VLPs of the Eg strain. Microbial invasion across endothelial cells can occur through transcellular pathway mediated by vesicles, paracellular entry after www.selleckchem.com/products/3-deazaneplanocin-a-dznep.html disruption of the tight junctions,

or “”Trojan horse”" mechanism by transport within circulating phagocytic cells [35, 36]. Our data indicate that 6-LP VLPs are transported by a transcellular pathway, because the transport of VLPs was inhibited by the treatment with filipin, a modifier of lipid raft-associated membrane transport. Clathrin-dependent pathways seem to be less important because the treatment with chlorpromazine had no significant effect on the transport of VLPs. Paracellular entry is unlikely to be involved in transport of VLPs because the structure mafosfamide of ZO-1 and the permeability of Dx 70k were not altered during VLP transport. Our data partially support the results by Verma et al. [16] which suggested that WNV crosses HBMVE cells without altering the integrity

of tight junction. The authors concluded that WNV replicates in endothelial cells and the progeny viruses are transported from the apical to basolateral side. However, our data suggest that WNV can be transported across endothelial cells without viral replication. Cell type difference could be the most reasonable explanation, because several studies showed that there are differences between HBMVE cells and HUVEC in the production of growth factors, immunoregulatory factors and adhesion molecules [37–39]. HBMVE cells and HUVEC differentially respond to cytokine treatment resulting in the different cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment [40, 41]. Particularly, modulation of adhesion molecules can PRIMA-1MET supplier affect endocytosis [37]. Therefore, our data seem to reflect events that can occur in peripheral tissues having tight junction such as heart and muscles rather than in CNS. In WNV-infected mice, viral replication in peripheral tissues results in the inflammatory cytokine production such as TNF-α, IL-6 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor [42–45]. Although the role of these cytokines in infection still remains controversial, vascular permeability can be affected by the presence of these cytokines [45].

Fuente de Oro was excluded of the PCoA because this location only presented one isolate. The genetic population structure of Xamwas correlated with the geographical origin of isolates in the Eastern Plains of Colombia Distance trees were constructed using AFLP and VNTR data to determine how genetic distances were distributed among current isolates and reference strains (Figure  3). Tree topologies showed a generalized clustering according to geographical origin of the isolates, but the composition of inner clusters changed between techniques. In most

selleck chemicals of the cases, the global behavior of isolates across the topologies was comparable, with only few exceptions. One of them was a small group of isolates from Orocué, which clustered together with isolates from La Libertad (Meta) when VNTRs were used. This grouping was not observed when AFLPs were used. Interestingly, both techniques revealed that most of the reference strains

tended to cluster with isolates from Orocué (Casanare) and La Libertad (Meta), which suggested that those strains presented a similar proportion of shared characters with strains coming from these two locations. This is supported by the fact that similar Selleck OICR-9429 Euclidean distances were obtained when reference strains were compared to the isolates from La Libertad and to the isolates from Orocué (data not shown). Figure 3 Distance trees generated with AFLP and VNTR data from isolates collected in Casanare and Meta. Unrooted distance trees were constructed with learn more the Neighbor-Joining algorithm

in SplitsTree version 4.12.3 A) Distance tree was constructed using four selective pairs of primers to amplify AFLP markers. B) Distance tree constructed using five VNTR loci. La Libertad: black; Granada: blue; Fuente de Oro: red; Orocué: green and reference strains: orange. We then evaluated if there were distinguishable genetic clusters of the Fossariinae pathogen in the Eastern Plains region. When isolates were assigned to estimate genetic clusters using AFLP markers, they were grouped in two well-differentiated genetic clusters (Figure  4A). Each genetic cluster was mainly conformed by isolates from the same location, suggesting that geographical distances influenced the designation of clusters. This observation was corroborated with a Mantel test that showed a positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances (R2 = 0.9302). On the other hand, five genetic clusters were estimated when isolates were characterized using VNTRs (Figure  4B). In the same way, K clusters grouped according to the origin of isolates but this was less evident than for the clusters generated by AFLPs. The fact that VNTRs detected new clusters is suggesting that those markers were able to distinguish an encrypted population structure that was not detected by AFLPs. Similarly to what was observed with AFLPs, VNTRs detected a genetic structure correlated with geographical location.

On the left are indicated the names of MLST clonal complexes. A different coloured square is used to indicate clusters of two or more isolates, using the same colour code https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html as in Figure 1. Spa typing The spa repeats were sequenced in 61 selected isolates on the basis of their distribution into the different clusters and of their polymorphism within these clusters. The sequence was submitted to the Ridom Spaserver

in order to identify the spa type. Seven new spa types were given a number by the Ridom Spaserver. The result confirmed the correct clustering of strains by MLVA, as shown by the almost perfect correlation between the two genotyping techniques (Figures 2 and 3). Strain www.selleckchem.com/products/3-methyladenine.html TrSa109 was positioned near CC30 strains and its spa type was characteristic of ST34 strains (CC30 members) a bacterial population resulting from a large chromosomal rearrangement between CC30 and CC8 [24]. Three identical isolates from patient CFU_79 which spa type corresponded to CC8 were branched in an ancestral position to the CC8 cluster. Interestingly,

in CC45 a larger diversity was observed for spa (10 alleles from 2 to 14 repeats), as compared to the other large clusters, CC5 (5 alleles) and CC8 (2 alleles). Longitudinal survey In 62 patients (80%), isolates that were repeatedly recovered over the 30 months study period belonged Cell press to the same lineage, i.e. they were either identical or differed at only one VNTR. In the other patients the isolates belonged to 2, 3 or even 4 different CCs. For example isolates belonging to 4 different CCs were found in patient CFU_64 and only one of them was observed more than once. Table 2 shows the number

of CCs and genotypes from patients for which at least 4 isolates were recovered. One example of stability is observed in patient CFU_41 for which 16 MOD-SA CC5 isolates with the same genotype were recovered from January 2006 to July 2008. Patient CFU_40 had 9 isolates with two different spa alleles. In 2006 and early 2007, a single genotype with seven repeats at the spa locus was observed, whereas after March 2007, isolates with two repeats at the spa locus were also found. On several occasions, both were present in equal amounts giving rise to two products upon PCR amplification (data not shown). From March 2006 to January 2008, 16 CC5 isolates were recovered from patient CFU_48, with three variants differing at VNTRs Sa1213 and selleck Sa1132: one genotype was found in 7 isolates in 2006 and early 2007, another one in 8 isolates from 2006 to 2008 and the third corresponded to a single isolate in 2007.

PubMed 19. Udatsu Y, et al.: High frequency of beta-catenin mutations in hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Surg Int 2001,17(7):508–12.PubMedCrossRef 20. Kimelman D, Xu W: beta-catenin destruction https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Belinostat.html complex: insights and questions from a structural perspective. Oncogene 2006,25(57):7482–91.PubMedCrossRef Hydroxylase inhibitor 21. Nelson WJ, Nusse R: Convergence of Wnt, beta-catenin, and cadherin pathways. Science 2004,303(5663):1483–7.PubMedCrossRef 22. Apte U, et al.: beta-Catenin is critical for early postnatal liver growth. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007,292(6):G1578–85.PubMedCrossRef 23. Nejak-Bowen

K, Monga SP: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hepatic organogenesis. Organogenesis 2008,4(2):92–9.PubMedCrossRef 24. Shang XZ, et al.: Stabilized beta-catenin Acalabrutinib cell line promotes hepatocyte proliferation and inhibits TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Lab Invest 2004. 25. Inukai T, et al.: Nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin without an additional somatic mutation in coding region of the APC gene in hepatoblastoma from a familial adenomatous polyposis patient. [Review] [40 refs]. Oncology Reports 2004,11(1):121–6.PubMed 26. Ranganathan S, Tan X, Monga SP: beta-Catenin and met deregulation in childhood Hepatoblastomas. Pediatric & Developmental Pathology 2005,8(4):435–47.CrossRef 27. Monga SP, et al.: Hepatocyte growth factor induces Wnt-independent nuclear translocation of beta-catenin after Met-beta-catenin dissociation in hepatocytes. Cancer Res 2002,62(7):2064–71.PubMed

28. Zeng G, et al.: Tyrosine residues 654 and 670 in beta-catenin are crucial in regulation of Met-beta-catenin interactions. Exp Cell Res 2006,312(18):3620–30.PubMedCrossRef

Histone demethylase 29. Peruzzi B, Bottaro DP: Targeting the c-Met signaling pathway in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006,12(12):3657–60.PubMedCrossRef 30. von Schweinitz D, et al.: The occurrence of liver growth factor in hepatoblastoma. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1998,8(3):133–6.PubMedCrossRef 31. von Schweinitz D, et al.: Hepatocyte growth-factor-scatter factor can stimulate post-operative tumor-cell proliferation in childhood hepatoblastoma. Int J Cancer 2000,85(2):151–9.PubMed 32. Danilkovitch-Miagkova A, et al.: Oncogenic mutants of RON and MET receptor tyrosine kinases cause activation of the beta-catenin pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2001,21(17):5857–68.PubMedCrossRef 33. Perilongo G, et al.: Cisplatin versus cisplatin plus doxorubicin for standard-risk hepatoblastoma. N Engl J Med 2009,361(17):1662–70.PubMedCrossRef 34. Zsiros J, et al.: Successful treatment of childhood high-risk hepatoblastoma with dose-intensive multiagent chemotherapy and surgery: final results of the SIOPEL-3HR study. J Clin Oncol 2010,17(1B):561–7. 35. Buendia MA: Genetic alterations in hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: common and distinctive aspects. [Review] [69 refs]. Medical & Pediatric Oncology 2002,39(5):530–5.CrossRef 36. Curia MC, et al.: Sporadic childhood hepatoblastomas show activation of beta-catenin, mismatch repair defects and p53 mutations.