Footnotes Peer reviewer: Sunitinib chemical structure Yasuhiro Matsumura, MD, PhD, Investigative Treatment Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan S- Editor Tian L L- Editor Logan S E- Editor Li JY
Gallbladder cancer is the main malignancy occurring predominantly in older women. It accounts for nearly two-thirds of the biliary tract cancers, making it the most common primary biliary cancer and the fifth most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract [1,2]. More than 85% of gallbladder cancers belong to adenocarcinomas, and the rest, approximately 15%, are squamous, adenosquamous or undifferentiated carcinomas.
High mobility group protein A2 (high mobility group A2, HMGA2) is a recently discovered non-histone chromatin protein, which is closely related to tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis of tumors, which have high expression in epithelial or interstitial malignant tumors, and have high extent and levels of expression, are dependent on the metastasis of malignant tumors, and have poor prognosis [3-8]. The CD9 protein, also known as migration?1 (mobility related protein-1, MRP1), belongs to the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF), and is a glycoproteinthat could inhibit cell movement. Recent studies showed that the CD9 expression level was closely related to tumor progression, metastasis and invasion of tumors and that tumors with low CD9 expression were strongly prone to metastasis and invasion [9-15].
In this study, by application of EnVision immunohistochemistry, we investigated HMGA2 and CD9 expression levels in benign and malignant lesion tissues of the gallbladder and studied the clinicopathological significance of their expression in the prognosis of gallbladder tumors. Methods Clinical data From June 1996 to June 2006, 108 cases of surgical specimens of gallbladder adenocarcinoma were collected in the Second Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital. These included 31 male (28.7%) and 77 female cases (71.3%), with age ranges from 35 to 70 years (the mean age was 52.6��11.2 years). Pathological types included 9 cases of adenoma canceration (8.2%, 7 well-differentiated cases and 2 moderately differentiated cases), 29 cases of well differentiated adenocarcinoma (26.9%), 29 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (26.
9%), 30 cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (27.8%), and 11 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma (10.2%). Among 108 cases of gallbladder adenocarcinoma, there were 59 cases with tissues and organs surrounding the gallbladder damaged (54.6%); 59 cases with regional lymph Brefeldin_A node metastasis (54.6%); 58 cases with gallbladder stones (53.7%); 34 cases of radical surgical resection (31.5%), 48 cases of palliative surgery (44.4%), and 26 cases with disease inspection samples taken due to widespread metastasis (24.1%).