The abundantly sporulating strains CBS 330.53 (arrhizus) and CBS 390.34 (delemar) were used for illustrations. Observations were done using both light microscope Nikon Eclipse 80i, equipped with differential interference contrast (DIC). Branching patterns were observed with a Nikon SMZ1500 stereomicroscope. The fungal material for microscopic slide preparation was mounted in water. Photos were made by means

of a Nikon camera (Digital Sight 5M114780, Nikon, Japan). Fourty strains (Table 1) representing both varieties equally were selected to test their enzymatic activities. Tests for gelatin liquefaction and the presence of urease, siderophores, lipase, amylase, cellulase, laccase, and tyrosinase were performed. A detailed description of these tests is given in

Pexidartinib price Dolatabadi et al. [23] Briefly, all strains were incubated at 30 °C, with incubation times varying with the test. The basal medium described by Maas et al. [24] was used for lipase, amylase, cellulase test and as negative control for these test. To test the presence of lipase, 0.1 g CaCl2 and 1% olive oil were added to the basal medium.[24] Colony diameters were measured after 2 and 3 days. For the amylase test, the basal medium was amended with 1% starch. Hydrolysis was detected by using iodine (10%). The diameter of the hydrolytic zone determined the level of activity. For the detection of cellulase (endoglucanase or CMCase) the basal medium was supplemented with carboxy-methylcellulose (1% CMC, Sigma, Zwijndrecht, the Netherlands).[25] GSK-3 inhibitor Plates were incubated for 10 days. An aqueous solution of Congo red was used for 15 min to visualize the zone of hydrolysis. Then the plate was flooded 15 min with 1 M NaCl, followed by stabilization with 1 M HCl.[26] For the tyrosinase (cresolase) spot test, the indicator p-cresol (0.1 M) was used.[27]

For this test the fungal isolates were grown on 2.5% MEA for 2 days. The laccase test was based on the green halo around the colony CYTH4 in reaction on 0.3% 2-2′-azino-di-3-ethylbenzthiazolinsulfonate (ABTS). Gelatin liquefaction was tested using indicator solution described in Dolatabadi et al. [23] Positive result was reported by presence of a halo after 10 min. For siderophores, the strains were grown on siderophore medium[28] and a red color change of the colony after 2 days was measured. The presence of urease was performed on Christensen′s agar (1 g peptone, 1 g glucose, 5 g NaCl, 2 g KH2PO4, 0.012 g phenol red as indicator in 1 L distilled water, pH = 6.8, 20% urea; filter-sterilized) that shows a pink to red color change after 3 days incubation in case of a positive reaction. With incubation longer than 3 days color changes were due to oxidation and were discarded as false results. Cryptococcus neoformans CBS 7926 and uninoculated medium were used as positive and negative controls.