(C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119:
3640-3644, 2011″
“Manufacturing of microelectronics on flexible substrates is challenged by difficulties in maintaining alignment and conformity of the substrate through deposition, patterning, and etch processes. To address these difficulties, a temporary bond-debond method has been developed for effective automated handling of flexible buy AMN-107 substrate systems during electronics fabrication. The flexible substrate is temporarily bonded to a rigid carrier, which provides structural support and suppresses bending during processing. The photolithographic alignment of the bonded system is strongly dependent upon the viscoelastic properties of the bonding adhesive. An additional challenge is to control the stress developed during processing; these stresses evolve predominately through thermomechanical property mismatches between the carrier and flexible substrate. To investigate the role of the thermomechanical properties
of the carrier and adhesive, the stress, and subsequent bowing of bonded systems (flexible substrate-adhesive-carrier) is examined systematically using different carriers and adhesives. Excellent registration of the flexible circuitry fabricated on the bonded system with low stress can be achieved by using a viscoelastic selleck chemical adhesive with a low loss factor (tan delta) and a carrier with high modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion that is closely matched to the flexible substrate. This bond-debond process enables the high yield fabrication of flexible microelectronics on plastic substrates. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3517145]“
“Objective. Earlier reports, including a preliminary study within our unit, have shown that the surgeon’s experience is one of the most influential factors in determining the likelihood of both permanent inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve
(LN) paresthesia, following third molar surgery. The effect GS-7977 inhibitor of this and other factors influencing such prevalence are assessed in this study.
Study design. This prospective study involved 3236 patients who underwent surgical removal of impacted third molars. Patients’ demographics and radiological parameters were recorded along with the grade of the treating surgeon. The prevalence of inferior alveolar and lingual nerves paresthesia at 1 month, 6 months, and 18 to 24 months postoperatively were also traced.
Results. At 1 month postoperatively, the incidence of IAN paresthesia was 1.5% and the LN was 1.8%. These figures decreased over time and 18 to 24 months postoperatively, the incidence of permanent dysfunction of the IAN was 0.6% and LN was 1.1%. With regard to inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia, risk factors included the patient’s age (2630 years), horizontally impacted teeth, close radiographic proximity to the inferior alveolar canal (IAC), and treatment by trainee surgeons.