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that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions SZ carried out the sample fabrication and drafted the manuscript. WY carried out the device measurements. PZ and HL participated in the manuscript writing and results discussion. QS and DZ participated in the design of the study and performed from the statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background An epitope or antigenic determinant is the core part of antigen involved in the recognition with an antibody. After antigens, containing numerous epitopes, are recognized by the human immunological system, B lymphocytes will synthesize and secrete miscellaneous antibodies targeting different epitopes to mediate further immunological process. Nowadays, there are many methods that are used to investigate and confirm antigen epitopes, for example, proteolytic cleavage of antigen-monoclonal antibody complexes, proteolytic or chemical cleavage fragment method, Western blotting, PEPSCAN method, chemical modification or mutation analyses, chemosynthesis of peptide, surface display of peptide libraries and random fragment expression libraries, X-ray crystallographic assay and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy assay, and so on [1]. However, most of these methods are complicated, difficult to perform, or of low efficiency.