9 billion (Table 4). In another sensitivity analysis assuming that all high and BIRB 796 ic50 low-trauma fractures were due to osteoporosis, the base case estimates increased by 9% to $2.5 billion. Taken together, these results indicated that the upper bound of the burden of osteoporosis

in Canada could be $4.1 billion when it was assumed that all trauma fractures were osteoporotic and that 17% of men and 21% of women over the age of 65 were admitted to long-term facilities due to osteoporosis. Table 4 Burden of osteoporosis: base case and sensitivity analyses (2010 Canadian dollars) Cost component Base case analysis Change attribution rates of osteoporosis using ROCQ data instead of MacKey et al. Add costs attributed to hospitalizations due to osteoporosis CUDC-907 in vitro only (N = 2,096) Assumes that a proportion of long-term care residents were admitted due SGC-CBP30 ic50 to osteoporosis-related fractures Assumes that all high and low-trauma fractures are osteoporotic Acute care costs (hospitalization, same day surgeries, and emergency room visits) $1,181,274,707 $1,134,803,061 $1,219,450,008 Unchanged $1,318,689,391 Rehabilitation costs $97,169,606 $95,280,270 $103,457,541 Unchanged $120,170,851 Continuing care costs $112,720,625 $110,024,143

$119,837,738 Unchanged $140,969,693 Long-term care $28,275,046 $26,487,393 Unchanged $1,641,017,974 $46,532,134 Home care services $244,565,735 Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Physician costs $142,589,880 Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Prescribed drug costs $390,854,843 Unchanged Unchanged

Unchanged Unchanged Indirect Pregnenolone costs $115,311,966 $115,045,033 Unchanged Unchanged $117,076,070 Total cost $2,312,762,408 $2,263,759,530 $2,364,342,757 $3,925,505,337 $2,519,684,494 ROCQ Recognizing Osteoporosis and its Consequences Discussion In addition to the increased morbidity and mortality associated with fractures [25, 26], these results show that osteoporosis among Canadians aged 50 years and older is associated with a substantial economic cost accounting in 2008 for $2.3 billion or 1.3% of Canadian healthcare budget [27]. Specifically, our base case results indicated that osteoporosis was responsible for more than 57,413 hospitalizations and 832,594 hospitalized days in FY 2007/2008. This is more than the number of hospitalizations due to stroke (29,874 in FY 2007/2008) or heart attack (49,220 in FY 2007/2008) in Canada [28]. The acute care cost of managing these fractures was over $1.2 billion, or 50% of the total costs. In contrast to the previous 1993 Canadian burden of illness study [4] which assumed that there were approximately 18,000 Canadians aged 75 years or over in long-term care facilities due to osteoporosis, our base case estimates did not include these individuals as the main reason of admission to long-term facilities could not be determined (e.g.