When RI was estimated with simplified MDRD-based calculations, undetectable VL was no longer associated whereas IDV exposure (OR=1.3:1–1.6 for <1 year and OR=1.5: 1.1–2.0 for >1 year) was indeed associated (global P-value=0.01). When current use of tenofovir and IDV were added in the model a significant association was found between RI (estimated with CG formula) and current use of both drugs: tenofovir with an OR of 1.65 [95% IC: 1.3–2.08] (P<0.0001) and IDV with an OR of 2.17 [95% CI: 1.3–3.6] (P=0.003). In this additional model, prevalence of RI remained

significantly greater in female and older patients, those with a low BMI, and an HIV transmission group other than drug abuse, but cumulative exposure to tenofovir and undetectable VL was no longer associated with

Rapamycin research buy RI. In another multivariate model, advanced RI (CC <60 mL/min) find more was only associated with female gender, older age, low BMI, high blood pressure and IDV exposure >1 year (Table 2). If current use of tenofovir and IDV are included in the model a significant association is also found between advanced RI and current use of IDV with an OR of 2.5 [95% IC: 1.1–5.9] (P=0.03). In this additional model, prevalence of advanced RI remained associated with female gender, older age, low BMI, high blood pressure and cumulative exposure to IDV>1 year [OR=1.9 (1.2–3.15); P=0.02]. Still no association was found for tenofovir either for cumulative exposure or current use. Finally, the polynomial regression model (Table 3) showed a significant Fenbendazole association of mild RI (60

high blood pressure and IDV exposure. It should be noted that mean exposure durations to antiretroviral (ARV)-associated RI, i.e. tenofovir and indinavir, were significantly longer among patients with RI compared with those without RI: 4.7 months vs. 3.3 months for tenofovir and 8.5 vs. 6.1 months for IDV (P<0.001 for both comparisons). Our study examined the prevalence of RI and its associated factors among HIV-infected persons under care in South-western France in the most recent era of ART use. Our data revealed a high prevalence of RI (CC<90 mL/min) as measured using the CG equation formula (39%) in this HIV-infected population. Although a lower overall prevalence of RI (28%) was recently reported in such patients followed in the US Navy [14], these frequencies are much higher than the prevalence observed in the general population of the same age, i.e. 7.7% in a representative sample of 15 625 US non-institutionalized adults aged 20 years or older [15].