This phenomenon has been attributed to several selleck products causes, among them the chronic volume overload in HD patients, due to impaired blood pressure homoeostasis function. In addition to the high prevalence of hyper tension, HD patients usually display elevated triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated concentration of lipoprotein a, while total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol usually remain within normal limits. Several clinical trials and meta analyses have shown the cardiovascular benefits of lowering blood pressure in patients with kidney disease and patients on dialysis. Although the cardiovas cular benefits of improving lipid profile among dialysis pa tients is controversial, there is evidence that treatment of HD patients with lipid lowering drugs is associated with reduced CV mortality.

Therefore, improving lipid Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries profile and reduction of blood pressure is a therapeutic target for patients on chronic dialysis. It has been known for many years that high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease. The beneficial effect of fruits and vegetables may be related especially to flavo noids, which are thought to exert their action by inhi biting LDL oxidation and platelet aggregation, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries as well as to inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme, a key component in the renin angiotensin aldos terone system which regulates blood pressure. Pomegranate juice is a rich source of flavo noids and as such it has potent antioxidant activity.

The flavonoids it contains have been linked to a diverse group of polyphenols, including ellagitanins, gallotan nins and ellegic acid. PJ antioxidant activity was studied mainly with regard to cardiovascular function among non HD patients. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Dif ferent studies demonstrated the anti atherogenicity properties of PJ by its ability to lower serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity which resulted in sys tolic blood pressure reduction, decreased common carotid artery intima media thickness and Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries at tenuation of the myocardial ischemia in patients who had congestive heart disease. Recently, studies sug gested that PJ consumption may be beneficial in popula tions at high risk to develop atherosclerosis and CVD. The antioxidative effects of PJ were more im pressive in diabetic patients than in healthy controls, leading to the assumption that PJ may have benefi cial effect in patients exposed to oxidative stress burden.

Since HD patients are exposed to the most se vere systemic OS compared to other clinical Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries states, PJ intake in this high risk population may be more effective than in other groups of patients. We have shown the beneficial effects of consistent consumption over one years time of PJ on non traditional CV risk factors, such as OS and inflammation, and on sellckchem clinical outcome such as reduction in intima media thickness.