There is little literature assessing donor motivation in China, and comparison with western countries such as Canada is important in understanding the application of Western literature. We compared motivational factors in donors from the city of Xi’an, PKA inhibitor China, with Canadian donors matched for age, sex and donation status. Materials and Methods A total of 218 donors in Xi’an completed an interview about motivation as did 218 Canadian donors matched for age, sex and donation status. Frequencies and percentages of responses to questions were tabulated

and compared using the Chi-squared test. Results Donors in Xi’an and Canada felt a personal responsibility to donate blood (81 center dot 2% vs. 78 center dot 0%, P=0 center dot 2057), but Xi’an donors were more likely to consider blood donation a social responsibility (81 center dot 7% vs. 45 center dot 2%, P<0 center dot 0001). Xi’an donors more often believed that society views donation as a normal activity (98 center dot 6% vs. 48 center dot 4%, P<0 center dot 0001) and that the social atmosphere promotes donation (90 center dot 3% vs. 53 center dot 5%, P<0 center dot 0001) and saw greater health benefit (52 center dot 3% vs. 12 center dot 5%, P<0 center dot 0001). Most Xi’an donors believed in balance between their life force (Qi) and blood (86 center dot 7% vs. 49 center dot 8%, P<0 center

dot 0001) but did not believe blood lost from donating would affect this (0 center dot 5% vs. 3 center dot 8%, P=0 https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sis3.html center dot 01). Conclusion While traditional Chinese beliefs may not be seen as a barrier among people in Xi’an who donate blood, blood donation is seen differently than by Canadian donors. There is a need for more research specific to China

to tailor recruitment strategies.”
“Objective: To compare the topical administration of bupivacaine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine and saline in alleviating post tonsillectomy pain.

Study selleck products design: A double-blind prospective randomized controlled clinical study.

Methods: Between November 2008 and March 2009, 60 patients (32 males and 28 females) between ages of 1.5 and 15 years were recruited into the study. After informed consent was obtained from the parents, patients, admitted for tonsillectomy, were randomized into three groups using sealed envelops. Group 1 (20 patients, mean age 5.2 +/- 1.7) received topical lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/ml) with 0.00125% epinephrine. Group 2 (20 patients, mean age 6 +/- 3.7) received topical 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride and group 3 (20 patients, mean age 6.7 +/- 3.6) received topical saline.

Results: The post-operative pain scores at 1 h were similar among the groups (p = 0.29). Pain scores in bupivacaine hydrochloride group were significantly lesser than the saline group at 5th, 13th, 17th and 21st hours, until the sixth day (p < 0.017).