The use of antibiotics to control Salmonella selleck chemical in poultry is not an option and alternatives to antibiotics for control of bacteria in poultry including bacteriophage and probiotics have yet to be completely successful. If one bird in a flock becomes infected with Salmonella, the infection can spread rapidly and the entire flock can become infected within 2 to 10 days. Since Salmonella may remain in the environment between flocks, control of infection initially can help reduce and eliminate environmental contamination. Hence, constant monitoring and rapid detection are needed to prevent Salmonella infection in poultry flocks.Salmonella may be introduced to a flock by multiple environmental sources, but poultry feed is suspected to be a leading source.

Detecting Salmonella in feed can be challenging because low levels of the bacteria may not be recovered using traditional culturing techniques. Numerous detection methodologies have been examined over the years for quantifying Salmonella in feeds and some have proven to be more effective for Salmonella isolation and detection in a variety of feeds. However given the potential Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries need for increased detection sensitivity, molecular detection technologies may be the best candidate for developing rapid sensitive methods for identifying small numbers of Salmonella in the background of large volumes of feed. The primary difficulty with routine application of molecular assays is the problem of extracting and recovering representative samples from feeds for molecular analyses. Molecular techniques also may be hindered due to chemicals present in feed samples that can inhibit PCR reactions.

This review will discuss the processing of feeds and potential Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries points in the process that may introduce Salmonella contamination to the feed. Detection methods currently used and the need for advances in these methods also will be discussed. Bead-based DNA arrays for simultaneous detection of multiple Salmonella serotypes offer new possibilities for rapid detection and these innovations are presented. Finally, implementation of rapid detection for optimizing control methods to prevent and remove any Salmonella contamination of feeds will be considered.2.?Salmonella in Broiler BreedersIt Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries has long been recognized that breeding stock of poultry play a crucial role in controlling the dissemination of Salmonella infection and contamination [3,4].

Young chicks in the hatchery are more susceptible to infection with Salmonella due to an absence of protective gut microflora. For this reason, 1-day old chicks can be colonized with as few Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries as 5 cells of AV-951 Salmonella, but colonization of 2 week old birds which have protective microflora Baricitinib JAK is inconsistent and requires higher doses [5]. Furthermore, the susceptibility of these young chicks results in rapid horizontal transmission [6].