Seven multivariate models were constructed,

one for each outcome variable on drug use changes.

Results: Of the 992 participants recruited in 2001-2003, 628 (63.3%) had at least one follow-up visit. Of these, 55.8% were enrolled in MMT at baseline and an additional 23.2% initiated MMT during follow-up. In multivariate GEE, changes significantly and positively associated with MMT enrollment were: less cocaine use [MMT < 12 months (OR = 1.70,95% CI = 1.17-2.48)] and less cocaine injection [MMT >= 12 months (OR = 2.98,95% CI = 1.51-5.89)]. Being on MMT >= 12 months was negatively associated with more cocaine use (OR = 0.62,95% CI = 0.38-0.99) and with more cocaine injection (OR = 0.52,95% CI = 0.28-0.98). When equivalent changes in heroin were used as a covariate, the MMT effect on less

cocaine use AZD6094 purchase was hardly modified (OR = 1.69,95% CI = 1.07-2.65), and the effect on changes in cocaine injection disappeared.

Conclusion: MMT enrollment is a protective factor against both cocaine use and injection among heroin users. The effect of MMT on cocaine injection appears to be mediated by heroin injection, whereas its effect on cocaine use is more direct. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Plant oleosins are small proteins embedded within the phospholipid monolayer separating the triacylglycerol storage site of embryo-located oilbodies from the cytoplasm of oilseed cells. The potential of oleosins to act as carriers for recombinant proteins foreign to plant cells learn more mTOR inhibitor has been well established. Using this approach, the recombinant polypeptide is accumulated in oilbodies as a fusion with oleosin. DNA constructs having tandemly arranged oleosins followed by GFP or flanked by oleosins were used to transform Arabidopsis plants. In all

cases the green fluorescence revealed that the fusion polypeptide had a native conformation and the recombinant proteins were correctly targeted to seed oilbodies. Mobilization of lipids was not retarded when using homo-dimer or -trimer oleosin fusions, since seed production, germination rates and seedling establishment were similar among all constructs, and comparable to wild-type Arabidopsis plants. Plant physiology and growth of recombinant lines were similar to wild-type plants. The construct specifying two oleosins flanking the GFP polypeptide revealed interesting properties regarding both the accumulation and the relative stability of the oilbody protein assembly. Although expression levels varied among transgenic lines, those transgenes accumulated significantly higher levels of fusion proteins as compared to previously reported values obtained by a single-oleosin configuration, reaching up to 2.3% of the total embryo proteins.