Conclusion: Shp and Npas2 crosstalk is essential to maintain hepatic lipid homeostasis. (Hepatology 2014) “
“Background:  To investigate pharmacokinetics and potency of antitumor activity of a novel 5-fluorouracil carrier erythrocyte (RBC-FU) in mice bearing malignant ascites. Methods:  RBC-FU was synthesized with a hyperosmotic technique. The entrapment efficiency of targeted

carrier erythrocytes was determined by reverse dialysis method with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analyzing the quantity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). After a H22 hepatocarcinoma malignant ascites model was established in Kunming mice, 5-FU encapsulated by carrier erythrocytes (for Group A) and 5-FU solution (for Group B) at 20 mg per kg check details were injected into the peritoneal cavity of the mice, respectively. Blood and ascites samples were collected at different times to detect 5-FU quantity by HPLC. Body weight and survival time of mice were recorded in Group A, B and the Control Group in which mice were injected with normal saline only. Results:  5-FU was effectively encapsulated into erythrocytes, with an encapsulating effect as 55 ± 0.50%. In Group A, the maximum concentration (Cmax) and the area under

curve (AUC) in peritoneal exudates were significantly higher than those of Group B (P < 0.05). On the other hand, 5-FU level in serum was significantly LY294002 purchase lower than that in peritoneal exudates of Group A and B (P < 0.05). High drug levels in the abdominal cavity in Group A were maintained longer than those in Group B. Compared with that in Group B and the control, the quantity of malignant ascites in Group A had significant regression and the survival time was prolonged. Conclusion:  The hyperosmotic method described

here could be suitable for producing this novel RBC-FU as a liposomal drug of potential value for treating malignant 上海皓元 ascites by intraperitoneal administration. “
“Recently, we read with interest the article by van Bömmel et al.1 on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy for patients who failed to improve with other nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NUC). Their findings showed that TDF monotherapy could induce a potent and long-lasting antiviral response in other NUC failure patients. However, we still have some questions to discuss. According to Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) guidelines,2, 3 primary nonresponse (PNR) is defined as a decrease in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by <1 log10 IU/mL at week 12. But in the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines,4 it is defined as a decrease in HBV DNA by <2 log10 IU/mL at week 24. Thus, we can see the time point at which determination of PNR in NUC treatment is still controversial. In this study, we thought it might not be good to define PNR at week 12 as treatment failure.