(C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Advances in transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery have allowed difficult clival tumours such as meningiomas causing effacement of the pons and basilar artery to be approached by this technique. We report a clival meningioma resected via a transsphenoidal endoscopic approach. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is usually accompanied by various comorbidities that can increase the cost of treatment. We are not aware of studies that have determined the costs associated with treating DM2 patients with co-morbidities such as overweight (OW), obesity

(OBE) or arterial hypertension (AHT). The aim of the study was to examine the health-related costs and the incidence JPH203 Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in these patients. Patients and methods: Multicenter, observational retrospective design. We included patients 40-99 years of age who requested medical attention in 2010 in Badalona (Barcelona, Spain). There were two study

groups: those with DM2 and without DM2 (reference group/control), and six subgroups: DM2-only, DM2-AHT, DM2-OW, DM2-OBE; DM2-AHT-OW and DM2-AHT-OBE. The main outcome measures were: co-morbidity, metabolic syndrome (MS), complications (hypoglycemia, CVD) and costs (health and non-health). Follow-up was carried out for two years. Results: A total of 26,845 patients were recruited. The prevalence of DM2 was 14.0%. Subjects with DM2 were MDV3100 older (67.8 vs. 59.7 years) and more were men (51.3 vs. 43.0%), P smaller than .001. DM2 status was associated primarily with OBE (OR=2.8, CI=2.4-3.1), AHT (OR=2.4, CI=2.2-2.6) and OW (OR=1.9, CI=1.7-2.2). The distribution by subgroups was: 6.7% of patients had only DM2, 26.1% had DM2, AHT and OW, and 34.1% had DM2, ANT, and OBE. Some 75.4% had MS and 37.5% reported an episode of hypoglycemia. The total cost/patient with DM2 was (sic)4,458. By subgroups the costs were as follows: DM2: (sic)3,431; DM2-AHT: (sic)4,075; DM2-OW: (sic)4,057; DM2-OBE: (sic)4,915; DM2-AHT-OW: (sic)4,203 and DM2-AHT-OBE: (sic)5,021, P smaller than .001. The CVD rate among patients with DM2 was 4.7 vs.

1.7% in those without DM2 P smaller ICG-001 chemical structure than .001. Conclusions: Obesity is a comorbidity associated with DM2 that leads to greater healthcare costs than ANT. The presence of these comorbidities causes increased rates of CVD. (c) 2013 Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Repeated hospital admissions (RHA) for ongoing pressure ulcer (PU) care remains a significant challenge in the clinical management of the spinal cord injury/disorders (SCI/D) population. The current study investigated the significance of risk factors for PU treatment and RHA. Method: A retrospective chart review of veterans admitted to the Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (LSCDVAMC) Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) unit for Category III or IV PUs was carried out.