A second possible limitation may be that we examined a convenience sample rather than all 10,547 patients referred for densitometry in our institution. Although there was no systematic bias, it is possible that the study population was more “osteoporotic” because many of our study subjects were clinic patients of the author (TJV), who has an osteoporosis referral practice. While this may lower the generalizability of our findings in terms of point estimation, the underlying qualitative conclusions would AG-881 purchase be unlikely to change in a lower risk population. The third possible limitation is that we used a larger

questionnaire, and thus a short version that we propose for generating RFI was not directly tested. However, the shorter questionnaire is, if anything, easier to complete PRIMA-1MET and more likely to be accurate. Finally, the best use of a tool like this would be to incorporate it into the densitometry software, which would require approval by regulatory agencies. Although this may present an obstacle, it is likely that if this general approach is accepted by the medical community, the efforts to secure the approval may be less difficult compared to approval of new devices or new approaches such as FRAX. This is because VFA has already been approved, is not associated with significant risk to the patient, and because having a tool to help 3 Methyladenine select the patients for VFA testing is likely to ultimately improve the cost-effectiveness

of the procedure. Our study also has significant strengths. It examined the risk factors in patients undergoing densitometry rather than in the general population and thus is better applicable to densitometry in general. In addition, we examined fractures detected by VFA and thus can provide information that is pertinent to future use of this methodology in contrast to earlier studies which used radiographs. Finally, our study population is multiracial, which makes our conclusions generalizable to broader populations

than previously studied. In summary, we developed a decision-making tool, which includes clinical risk factors and BMD measurement to select patients for VFA imaging. The proposed model could be incorporated into densitometry software to prompt the technologist to perform VFA at the level of the risk factor index which will be determined for each densitometry center based Pregnenolone on the expected prevalence of vertebral fractures. Conflict of interest None. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. References 1. Ettinger B, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Rundle AC, Cauley JA, Cummings SR, Genant HK (1992) Contribution of vertebral deformities to chronic back pain and disability. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group.