After the death of his uncle in 1512, Copernicus became the personal physician to the subsequent 4 Warmian bishops and his confreres from the Warmian chapter in Frombork. Copernicus practiced medicine not only in diagnosing and taking care of his patients but also in personally preparing the prescribed drugs. He was often consulted (consiglia) from several other cities, including Gdansk, Konigsberg, Lubawa, Elblag and Olsztyn. Rabusertib He also collaborated

and consulted with Jan Benedict Solfa and Laurence Wille, the official Polish royal physicians at the time. During the epidemics of 1519, Copernicus employed sanitary preventive measures by providing several Warmian and Pomeranian towns with an innovative water supply system. Copernicus is well known as a genius in astronomy, but this great Renaissance man was also a mathematician, engineer, soldier, writer, economist and, last but not least, a practicing physician.”
“Total joint arthroplasty remains the most effective treatment

to relieve pain and restore function in damaged and diseased joints; however, less invasive, more functional solutions are necessary for young, active patients who have chondral defects and are at the early stages of selleck kinase inhibitor disease. Unfortunately, attempts at providing such a method have provided variable and often unsatisfactory outcomes. Unicondylar knee replacement, for example, is associated with a markedly higher rate of revision when compared with total knee arthroplasty, and there is a distinct probability of disease progression in the remaining joint compartments. Small metallic caps intended for filling the cartilage defects are commercially

available, AZD9291 order but the clinical follow-up of patients who have undergone this treatment is short. Although not yet in clinical use, synthetic polymeric implant scaffolds, with and without cell-seeding, are also under development. The biomechanical requirements for treating chondral lesions, like those of total knee arthroplasty, are wear and fixation. A lesion-filling implant must carry large joint loads without damaging the opposing tissue. Integration with surrounding cartilage and subchondral bone would enhance load-sharing and load transfer. The challenge of meeting these requirements is difficult, but new forms of computational models and in vitro tests can aid in establishing performance and in rapidly screening possible solutions.”
“Primary cutaneous folliculotropic melanoma has been described rarely, and there are even fewer published cases of folliculotropic metastases. We report a 54-year-old man with history of primary cutaneous melanoma of the right posterior shoulder, Breslow depth of 3.4 mm, with one positive sentinel lymph node, negative full axillary dissection, and no extranodal metastases at initial staging.