Discussion Omental torsion is a rare cause of Savolitinib datasheet abdominal pain presenting mainly in the 3rd to 5th decade of life with a slight male predominance (3:2) [5, 6]. The omentum twists around its long axis, clockwise at a pivotal point. Consequently vascularity is compromised, resulting in haemorrhagic extravasation, serosanguinous fluid production, necrosis and adhesion formation. Omental torsion may be primary or secondary. One third of cases are a result of primary torsion, which is unipolar with no underlying pathology or distal fixation

[5–7]. In primary torsion the volvulus occurs more commonly around the right distal epiploic artery due to greater size and mobility of the omentum in this region [1, 2]. Factors such as anatomical variations in the omentum and actions that displace the

omentum such as trauma, exercise or hyperpersitalsis predispose to torsion. Obesity has also been implemented as a risk factor [1, 8]. Secondary torsion is more common and a result of underlying abdominal pathology (e.g. cysts, adhesions, hernial sacs) resulting in a distal fixation point (bipolar torsion) [2, 7]. In some cases the omentum may infarct without torsion, which is known as primary idiopathic segmental infarction [6]. Patient with omental torsion present with constant, non-radiating pain of increasing severity, nausea and vomiting. Clinically 50% of patients have a low grade fever and leukocytosis [4, 5]. These findings are non specific, making pre-operative diagnosis of omental torsion a challenge. The majority of cases present with a single

episode of abdominal pain but recurrent pain may suggest intermittent see more torsions [4, 9]. On examination 50% of patients present with an abdominal mass and localised peritonitis [5, 7]. Common differential IMP dehydrogenase diagnosis include appendicitis, cholecystitis or twisted ovarian cyst [2]. In general patients with omental torsion are less systemically AZD6738 in vivo unwell compared to acute appendicitis and the disease process extends over a longer period of time [6]. On laboratory findings a moderate leukocytosis is present in 50% of cases [2]. Imaging investigations such as Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography (CT) have been suggested in the literature [10]. On Sonography a complex mass consisting of hypoechoic and solid zones may be identified, but this imaging technique is operator dependent with limited sensitivity due to overlying bowel gas. On CT, omental torsion is characterised by diffuse streaking in a whirling pattern of fibrous and fatty folds [2, 10]. With increased use of CT, pre-operative diagnosis of omental torsion may increase in frequency of preoperative diagnosis and lead to conservative management in patients without complications [8, 10–12]. The current investigation tool and therapeutic management of choice is laparoscopy proceeding to laparotomy, identifying and removing the infarcted section of omentum.