Mutant EGFR binds ATP less tightly and binds TKIs more tightly than wild type EGFR. The sample available is usually paraffin embedded tissue. Preferably primary tumor tissue is used, when this is not available one may consider sample from metastatic tissue. Ideally, the tissue sample should contain at least 50% of viable tumor

cells. Methods with higher detection sensitivity can detect mutation with lower tumor content levels. learn more 4–10 μm sections of non-baked unstained slides prepared from paraffin block and one H&E reference slide to mark the area of interest. The tumor area of interest selected by the pathologist should be a minimum of 2 mm × 2 mm. Detection of mutation can be performed

using a variety of mutation platforms, direct sequencing is widely used (amplify and this website sequence EGFR exons 18–21). Other methods includes real-time-PCR (amplification refractory mutation system), high resolution melting analysis, and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLS). Mutation analysis testing should be performed in accredited, quality assured facility participating in external proficiency testing schemes. EGFR testing should be validated before reporting the test results. Requirements for validation for molecular testing are both analytical and clinical. There are published guidelines for validating and reporting molecular testing [12]. The College of American Pathologists developed recommendations for testing, validating and reporting molecular testing [13]. oxyclozanide Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type of NSCLC. Treatment decisions of NSCLC are dependent on two important factors. The first one is accurate histologic classification using H&E stain as well as several immunohistochemical stains

particularly in poorly differentiated carcinoma. The other factor is testing the tumor tissue for the presence or absence of specific mutations for targeted therapy. Since most of the tissue specimens are biopsy specimen, the pathologists play important role in managing the tissue carefully for immunohistochemical studies, molecular testing and for possible research. Utilizing the 2011 IASLC/ATS/ERS proposal for classification of lung adenocarcinoma is highly recommended. In this classification, histologic subtypes are correlated well with EGFR mutations [14]. Funding: No funding sources. Competing interests: None declared. Ethical approval: Not required. “
“Positron emission tomography (PET) has dramatically changed oncological imaging practice by using a variety of radionuclides. PET enables in vivo characterization and measurement of biological processes at cellular and molecular levels.