The innovation of this approach is the combination of unique chemically
synthesized monobiotinylated glycopolymers [68] used for microbead modifications with the advantages of multiplexed flow-cytometric detection. Optically-encoded microbead-based arrays are characterized by increased control over array preparation, easy reconfiguration of arrays and stability of pre-coated microbeads [69]. Since glycan-based arrays are ideal for screening Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of very broad glycan libraries, glycan-based suspension array seems to be optimally suited for simultaneous detection of up to several dozens of analytes, thus holds a great diagnostic potential for human serum antibodies in a clinical setting. Biophysical sensing techniques based on evanescent waves such as SPR Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical have
matured to become major tools in protein expression analysis and have also gained considerable momentum in the pharmaceutical industry. Glycan array based on SPR technique allows real-time and label-free detection of carbohydrate-protein binding and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to expand the picture of monomeric antigenicity (as in glycan-based microarrays) to a polymeric presentation of glycans. SPR-based measurements are currently possible in a mid- to high-throughput format. As an example, de Boer and co-workers have utilized a SPR array platform which contained 144 glycan structures, released from their natural source [46]. Glycans were covalently and site-specifically attached to epoxide modified surface via fluorescence spacer contained amine group. The chip represented the glycan repertoire of the human parasite Schistosoma buy Tasocitinib mansoni. Anti-glycan antibodies of IgG and IgM subclass were recognized in infected and non-infected human Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical serum samples, demonstrating an effective set up of SPR-based
screening of anti-glycan antibodies. Another Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical SPR-based glycan assay, composed of a limited number of mannose and galactose derivatives, was constructed showing its feasibility mapping glycan-protein interactions with known lectins (PNA, soybean Tolmetin agglutinin and others) [70]. 2. TAC in Gynecological Cancers 2.1. Tn Antigen The Tn (N-acetylgalactosamine; GalNAcĪ±-O-Ser/Thr, Figure 1) antigen refers to a monosaccharide which is usually attached to the amino acids serine or threonine (or tyrosine in a few cases) of a peptide by a glycosidic bond (forming O-glycan). Tn is a cryptic precursor of the T antigen (Core 1) and can be unmasked if cells lose their ability to synthesize Core 1 structure. The expression of Tn was first discovered in 1957 on subpopulations of blood cells characterizing a rare hematological disorder, the Tn syndrome [71]. In the classical work of Springer it was shown that Tn as the truncated form of oligosaccharide chains are abundantly expressed on carcinoma cells [28].