BoNT/B-treated animals also exhibited tactile hyper-responsivity in comparison with vehicle-treated controls. This is the first demonstration that BoNT/B causes a delayed pro-convulsant action when infused into the hippocampus. Local infusion of BoNT/B could be useful as a focal epilepsy model. (C) 2013 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background:
The hypothalamic galanin expression has been associated with increased intake of carbohydrates and fats in preclinical studies. The appetite stimulating effect of galanin is thought to underlie the positive association between alcohol consumption and hypothalamic galanin expression observed in preclinical studies.
Methods: In this pilot study we investigated alterations in galanin serum levels (33 male patients) in alcohol-dependent patients during alcohol withdrawal (days 1, 7 and 14) in comparison to healthy controls (19 male controls). AZD6738 datasheet In order to assess the putative association between appetite regulation, galanin serum levels and alcohol consumption we additionally investigated the serum levels of insulin, glucose and triglycerides.
Results: The galanin serum levels on day 1 Pritelivir chemical structure of alcohol withdrawal
were significantly reduced in the alcohol-dependent patients (T=-3.302, p=0.002) and increased significantly from day 1 to day 14 of alcohol withdrawal (F=6.437, p=0.002). We found a significant negative association between the galanin serum levels and alcohol craving measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) (r=-0.449, p=0.009) and the obsessive subscale of the OCDS (r=-0.521, p=0.002) on day 1 of alcohol withdrawal. There was no association between the galanin serum levels and the parameters of energy homeostasis (triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, and glucose) investigated.
Conclusions: Acute alcohol withdrawal was associated
with decreased galanin serum levels in this pilot study. There was no association between the galanin serum levels and the parameters of energy homeostasis. BTSA1 cell line Further research of galanin serum levels in active drinkers will be necessary to clarify the putative association between galanin serum levels, appetite regulation-and alcohol consumption. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The recent increase in human cases of influenza A H3N2 variant virus [A(H3N2)v] highlights the need to assess whether seasonal influenza vaccination provides cross-protection against A(H3N2) v virus. Our data demonstrate that the 2011-2012 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) protected ferrets against homologous H3N2 virus challenge but provided minimal to no protection against A(H3N2) v virus. The complete absence of specific hemagglutination inhibition antibody response to A(H3N2) v is consistent with the poor cross-protection observed among TIV-immune animals.